What is a key distinction between hydraulic and electrical actuators in aircraft?

The key distinction between hydraulic and electrical actuators in aircraft lies in their operation methods. Hydraulic actuators utilize fluid pressure to generate movement. This means they rely on a system of pressurized hydraulic fluid to create force and control mechanical movement, which is particularly effective for managing larger loads and providing strong actuation forces. In contrast, electrical actuators use electrical power to drive motors that perform the specified movements. This makes them suitable for applications where precise control and quick response are required, although they may not produce the same amount of force as hydraulic systems in larger aircraft components.

Understanding this fundamental difference highlights why hydraulic systems are often preferred in environments requiring high power and reliability, such as flight control surfaces, while electrical actuators are increasingly chosen for applications demanding precision and efficiency, like landing gear or smaller control surfaces. This distinction reinforces the rationale behind choosing the appropriate actuator type based on the specific needs of the aircraft system.